Parallel and hierarchical password protection on specific document sections

ABSTRACT

The present disclosure involves systems and computer implemented methods for protecting portions of electronic documents. An example method includes receiving a request for access to an electronic file having sections, at least one section encrypted using a first key based on a first password. A second key is generated in response to receiving a second password, wherein the second key is generated based on the second password. The second key is compared to the first key. If the second key is identical to the first key, the least one section of the electronic file encrypted using the first key is decrypted using the second key. The electronic file is then presented such that the section(s) previously encrypted using the first cryptographic key is made visible. If the second key is not identical to the first, the electronic file is presented with the encrypted section(s) obscured.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present disclosure relates to computer systems andcomputer-implemented methods for protecting portions of electronicdocuments using parallel and/or hierarchical password protection onspecific sections of those electronic documents.

Sensitive data is, by definition, required to be restricted toauthorized users and prohibited from access by random users. Typicalsolutions using authentication and authorization schemes, such as usercredentials, are used throughout organizations. Existing solutions allowentire documents to be protected using a password or otherauthentication. If a user knows the password, he or she is providedaccess to the document. Users who do not have the knowledge of thepassword cannot view the document unless the password protection isremoved from the document or if the password is supplied.

SUMMARY

The present disclosure involves systems, software, andcomputer-implemented methods for protecting portions of electronicdocuments using parallel and/or hierarchical password protection onspecific sections of those electronic documents.

One computer-implemented method includes: receiving a request to provideaccess to an electronic file to a user, the electronic file having aplurality of sections, wherein at least one section is encrypted using afirst cryptographic key, the first cryptographic key generated based ona first password using a first key generation mechanism; generating asecond cryptographic key in response to receiving a second password froma user requesting access to the electronic file, wherein the secondcryptographic key is generated based on the second password using thefirst key generation mechanism; comparing the second cryptographic keyto the first cryptographic key to determine whether the secondcryptographic key is identical to the first cryptographic key; inresponse to determining the second cryptographic key is identical to thefirst cryptographic key, decrypting the at least one section of theelectronic file encrypted using the first cryptographic key with thesecond cryptographic key; and presenting the electronic file at a userinterface, the presented electronic file making visible the at least onesection previously encrypted using the first cryptographic key.

In some implementations, in response to determining the secondcryptographic key is not identical to the first cryptographic key, themethod may include presenting the electronic file at a user interface,the presented electronic file obscuring the at least one sectionencrypted using the first cryptographic key. In some implementations,the method may also include receiving a request to provide access to theat least one obscured section encrypted using the first cryptographickey; generating a third cryptographic key in response to receiving athird password from a user requesting access to the electronic file,wherein the third cryptographic key is generated based on the thirdpassword using the first key generation mechanism; comparing the thirdcryptographic key to the first cryptographic key to determine whetherthe third cryptographic key is identical to the first cryptographic key;in response to determining the third cryptographic key is identical tothe first cryptographic key, decrypting the at least one section of theelectronic file encrypted using the first cryptographic key with thethird cryptographic key; and presenting the electronic file at a userinterface, the presented electronic file making visible the at least onepreviously obscured section.

Other implementations may include wherein the electronic file includes aset of security metadata, the set of security metadata including a setof section definitions and a description of the encryption applied toone or more sections. In some instances, the set of security metadata isembedded within the electronic file.

Other implementations may include wherein a first section of theelectronic file is encrypted using a first cryptographic key generatedbased on the first password, and wherein a second section of theelectronic file is encrypted based on a third cryptographic keygenerated based on a third password different than the first password.

A second example method includes: receiving a request to provide accessto an electronic file to a user, the electronic file having a pluralityof sections, wherein at least two of the sections of the electronicdocument are encrypted using at least two different hierarchicalcryptographic keys, wherein a relatively higher level section isencrypted using a first hierarchical cryptographic key, and wherein arelatively lower level section is encrypted using a second hierarchicalcryptographic key different than the first hierarchical cryptographickey, and wherein the second hierarchical cryptographic key is encryptedby the first hierarchical cryptographic key, wherein the firsthierarchical cryptographic key is generated based on a first passwordusing a first key generation mechanism, and wherein the secondhierarchical cryptographic key is generated based on a second passwordusing the first key generation mechanism; generating a thirdhierarchical cryptographic key in response to receiving a third passwordfrom a user requesting access to the electronic file, wherein the thirdhierarchical cryptographic key is generated based on the third passwordusing the first key generation mechanism; comparing the thirdhierarchical cryptographic key to the first hierarchical cryptographickey and the second hierarchical cryptographic key to determine whetherthe third hierarchical cryptographic key is identical to the firsthierarchical cryptographic key or the second hierarchical cryptographickey; in response to determining the third hierarchical cryptographic keyis identical to the first hierarchical cryptographic key, decrypting therelatively higher level section encrypted using the first hierarchicalcryptographic key with the third hierarchical cryptographic key; inresponse to determining that the second hierarchical cryptographic keyis encrypted using the first hierarchical cryptographic key, decryptingthe second hierarchical cryptographic key using the third hierarchicalcryptographic key; decrypting the relatively lower level sectionencrypted using the second cryptographic key with the decrypted secondhierarchical cryptographic key; and in response to decrypting therelatively lower level section, presenting the electronic file at a userinterface, the presented electronic file making visible the relativelyhigher level section and the relatively lower level section.

In some implementations, the method may further include, in response todetermining the third hierarchical cryptographic key is identical to thesecond hierarchical cryptographic key, decrypting the relatively lowerlevel section encrypted using the second hierarchical cryptographic keywith the third hierarchical cryptographic key; and presenting theelectronic file at a user interface, the presented electronic filemaking visible the relatively lower level section and obscuring therelatively higher level section.

In some implementations, the electronic file can include a set ofsecurity metadata, the set of security metadata including a set ofsection definitions and a description of the encryption applied to oneor more sections. The set of security metadata is embedded within theelectronic file.

While generally described as computer-implemented software embodied onnon-transitory, tangible media that processes and transforms therespective data, some or all of the aspects may be computer-implementedmethods or further included in respective systems or other devices forperforming this described functionality. The details of these and otheraspects and embodiments of the present disclosure are set forth in theaccompanying drawings and the description below. Other features,objects, and advantages of the disclosure will be apparent from thedescription and drawings, and from the claims.

DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an example system for protectingportions of electronic documents using parallel and/or hierarchicalpassword protection on specific sections of those electronic documents.

FIGS. 2A-B are illustrations of access tables and metadata descriptionsof electronic document security in a first parallel password scenario.

FIGS. 3A-D are illustrative screenshots illustrating the addition ofparallel password protection onto an example electronic document in thefirst parallel password scenario.

FIGS. 4A-B are illustrations of access tables and metadata descriptionsof electronic document security in a second parallel password scenario.

FIGS. 5A-C are illustrative screenshots illustrating the addition of analternative parallel password scheme onto an example document.

FIGS. 6A-C are illustrations related to a hierarchical password scheme.

FIG. 7 is a flowchart of example operations performed to provide accessto portions of an example electronic document having parallel orhierarchical password protection.

FIG. 8 is a flowchart of an example operation performed to add parallelor hierarchical password protection to an example electronic document.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The present disclosure describes systems and tools for protectingportions of electronic documents using parallel and/or hierarchicalpassword protection on specific sections of those electronic documents.In many cases, different parts of individual documents may have varyingdegrees of sensitivity. For example, some electronic documents mayinclude information such that only a few authorized individuals orpersons of particular roles should be able to see a certain partthereof. In many cases, different sets of users should be able to seedifferent sensitive parts of the electronic document. As an example,users associated with and/or responsible for a Northern sales region fora company may not be authorized to see the data of a Southern salesregion, and vice versa. In prior solutions, a single password wouldtypically be used in a single document to provide protection, where auser providing the correct password would then be able to see the entireelectronic document. In those instances, different electronic documentsproviding a portion of the overall electronic document must begenerated, password protected, and distributed to different recipientsin order to maintain security. Additionally, some users may beauthorized to see the entire electronic document, or multiple portionsor sections of the electronic document, while other users may beauthorized to see only a single portion of the document.

Currently, the solution to protect sensitive information is to createdifferent electronic documents based on the same underlying data fordifferent sets of authorized users. In business intelligence user cases,this may be achieved through multiple reports being generated whereindifferent groups of users receive only the relevant data to which theyhave access. For example, the users responsible for a South regionreceive an electronic document storing on South-specific data. However,if two groups wish to collaborate and understand each other's problemsand help provide solutions, the users will need to re-share theirdocuments amongst themselves to view and collaborate on the necessarycontent. Not only is there the difficulty of sharing these electronicdocuments, but a higher risk of data leakage may also arise.

The present solution attempts to solve these issues by providing asingle electronic document wherein different portions or sections of theelectronic document can be provided different passwords such that asingle electronic document can include multiple sets of sensitive data,wherein individuals can enter a password relating to a section ofsensitive data to view said authorized data, while other sections remainprotected. In the present application, the terms “portion” or “section”may refer, in various examples, to any one of the following, as well asa group including one or more of: a single cell of data, a single row ofdata, a single column of data, a single table containing data, a singlechart, a word, a letter, a sentence, a paragraph, a page, etc.

Several particular use cases are provided as examples for how anelectronic document is provided and made available. In a first use case,the electronic document may be globally accessible with certain sectionsbeing identified as sensitive, and therefore being protected and/orencrypted. In a second use case, the electronic document as a whole maybe sensitive and therefore require a first password for initiallyaccessing the document, while certain portions may be relatively moresensitive with sections being further password protected. In a third usecase, an electronic document (whether sensitive as a whole or not) mayinclude two or more sensitive sections, where different sections areviewable by different users by using different passwords. A fourth usecase involves the application of hierarchical sensitivity levels. Inthis use case, an electronic document may include multiple levels ofpasswords for different users, where a first password for users with thehighest level of authentication allows the additional passwords to bederived from the first password. Lower levels of authentication may onlyallow certain sections to be viewed while maintaining protection ofother sections. The example use cases and the example systems forperforming their operations will be described herein.

Turning to the illustrated embodiment, FIG. 1 is a block diagram 100illustrating an example system for protecting portions of electronicdocuments using parallel and/or hierarchical password protection onspecific sections of those electronic documents. As illustrated in FIG.1, system 100 is a client-server system capable of providing sensitivedocuments that can be protected using parallel and/or hierarchicalpasswords. In some instances, a client system alone may be sufficient toperform the operations of the system 100, such as when electronicdocuments are stored locally on the client 150 and wherein themechanisms necessary to evaluate one or more passwords are available atthe client 150. In other instances, the electronic documents may berequested by the client 150 from a backend server (e.g., contentprovider system 102), such that the server makes decisions anddeterminations as to whether particular sections of the electronicdocument will be presented to the user.

System 100 as illustrated includes or is communicably coupled with acontent provider system 102, client 150, and network 140. Althoughcomponents are shown individually, in some implementations,functionality of two or more components, systems, or servers may beprovided by a single component, system, or server. Similarly, in someimplementations, the functionality of one illustrated component, system,or server may be provided by multiple components, systems, servers, orcombinations thereof. Conversely, multiple components may be combinedinto a single component, system, or server, where appropriate.

As used in the present disclosure, the term “computer” is intended toencompass any suitable processing device. For example, content providersystem 102 may be any computer system, computer, or processing devicesuch as, for example, a blade server, general-purpose personal computer(PC), Mac®, workstation, UNIX-based workstation, or any other suitabledevice. Moreover, although FIG. 1 illustrates content provider system102 as a single system, content provider system 102 can be implementedusing two or more computers, systems, as well as computers other thanservers, including a server pool. In other words, the present disclosurecontemplates computers other than general-purpose computers, as well ascomputers without conventional operating systems. Further, illustratedcontent provider system 102 and client 150 may each be adapted toexecute any operating system, including Linux, UNIX, Windows, WindowsPhone, Mac OS X®, Java™, Android™, or iOS. According to oneimplementation, the illustrated systems may also include or becommunicably coupled with a communication server, an e-mail server, aweb server, a caching server, a streaming data server, and/or othersuitable server or computer.

In general, content provider system 102 may be any suitable backendcomputing server or system storing electronic documents (e.g., documents126) for presentation to users in response to requests for the same. Thecontent provider system 102 is described herein in terms of respondingto requests for presentation of electronic documents from users atclient 150 and other clients. However, the content provider system 102may, in some implementations, be a part of a larger system providingadditional functionality. For example, content provider system 102 maybe part of an enterprise business application or application suiteproviding one or more of enterprise relationship management, contentmanagement systems, document management, business intelligenceanalytics, customer relationship management, and others.

The illustrated content provider system 102 can store electronicdocuments 126 and, in response to requests from clients 150, provide theelectronic documents 126 via responsive communications. In someinstances, the content provider system 102 may store electronicdocuments 126 that are associated with security metadata 129 describingpassword security associated with the corresponding electronic document126 as a whole, as well as specific sections and/or portions of theelectronic document 126. The security metadata 129 includes and definessecurity and encryption information associated with the correspondingdocument. In one example, including those described in reference toseveral figures herein, the security metadata 129 may include a tableidentifying particular sections or portions of the correspondingelectronic document 126 and identify the groups and/or individual whoare authorized to access those sections. This table may be updateddynamically in response to changes made to the electronic document 126,such as when a new password is associated with a particular section ofthe electronic document 126. Additionally, the security metadata 129 mayinclude a table defining the metadata, including a description of theprotected and unprotected sections within the electronic document 126,as well as which particular keys are used to encrypt the correspondingsections. In some instances, the security metadata 129 can furtherinclude one or more of a cryptographic salt, a number of iterations, anda pseudorandom function, among others.

As illustrated, the content provider system 102 includes an interface105, a processor 108, a business application 111, a security managementmodule 114, and memory 123. In general, the content provider system 102is a simplified representation of one or more systems and/or serversthat provide the described functionality and is not meant to be limitingbut rather an example of the systems possible.

The interface 105 is used by the content provider system 102 forcommunicating with other systems in a distributed environment—includingwithin the environment 100—connected to the network 140, e.g., client(s)150 and other systems communicably coupled to the network 140.Generally, the interface 105 comprises logic encoded in software and/orhardware in a suitable combination and operable to communicate with thenetwork 140. More specifically, the interface 105 may comprise softwaresupporting one or more communication protocols associated withcommunications such that the network 140 or interface's hardware isoperable to communicate physical signals within and outside of theillustrated environment 100.

Network 140 facilitates wireless or wireline communications between thecomponents of the environment 100 (i.e., between the content providersystem 102 and client(s) 150, between different clients 150, and amongothers), as well as with any other local or remote computer, such asadditional clients, servers, or other devices communicably coupled tonetwork 140, including those not illustrated in FIG. 1. In theillustrated environment, the network 140 is depicted as a singlenetwork, but may be comprised of more than one network without departingfrom the scope of this disclosure, so long as at least a portion of thenetwork 140 may facilitate communications between senders andrecipients. In some instances, one or more of the illustrated componentsmay be included within network 140 as one or more cloud-based servicesor operations. The network 140 may be all or a portion of an enterpriseor secured network, while in another instance, at least a portion of thenetwork 140 may represent a connection to the Internet. In someinstances, a portion of the network 140 may be a virtual private network(VPN). Further, all or a portion of the network 140 can comprise eithera wireline or wireless link. Example wireless links may include802.11ac/ad/af/a/b/g/n, 802.20, WiMax, LTE, and/or any other appropriatewireless link. In other words, the network 140 encompasses any internalor external network, networks, sub-network, or combination thereofoperable to facilitate communications between various computingcomponents inside and outside the illustrated environment 100. Thenetwork 140 may communicate, for example, Internet Protocol (IP)packets, Frame Relay frames, Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) cells,voice, video, data, and other suitable information between networkaddresses. The network 140 may also include one or more local areanetworks (LANs), radio access networks (RANs), metropolitan areanetworks (MANs), wide area networks (WANs), all or a portion of theInternet, and/or any other communication system or systems at one ormore locations.

As illustrated in FIG. 1, the content provider system 102 includes aprocessor 108. Although illustrated as a single processor 108 in FIG. 1,two or more processors may be used according to particular needs,desires, or particular implementations of the environment 100. Eachprocessor 108 may be a central processing unit (CPU), anapplication-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field-programmablegate array (FPGA), or another suitable component. Generally, theprocessor 108 executes instructions and manipulates data to perform theoperations of the content provider system 102. Specifically, theprocessor 108 executes the algorithms and operations described in theillustrated figures, including the operations performing thefunctionality associated with the content provider system 102 generally,as well as the various software modules (e.g., the business application111), including the functionality for sending communications to andreceiving transmissions from client(s) 150.

The business application 111 represents an application, set ofapplications, software, software modules, or combination of software andhardware used to perform operations related to presenting and executingelectronic documents 126. In the present solution, the businessapplication 108 can perform operations including receiving requests forparticular electronic documents 126, evaluating the request and anypasswords provided by users (along with the security management module114) associated with the request or provided after the electronicdocument 126 is presented, generating keys based on passwords suppliedby users, and providing the protected and unprotected sections of theelectronic document 126 based on, in some instances, the receivedpasswords and keys generated therefrom. The business application 111 caninclude and provide various functionality to assist in the managementand execution of providing the requested electronic documents 126. Insome instances, the business application 111 may represent a businessanalytics application, such as SAP SE's Lumira application.

Regardless of the particular implementation, “software” includescomputer-readable instructions, firmware, wired and/or programmedhardware, or any combination thereof on a tangible medium (transitory ornon-transitory, as appropriate) operable when executed to perform atleast the processes and operations described herein. In fact, eachsoftware component may be fully or partially written or described in anyappropriate computer language including C, C++, JavaScript, Java™,Visual Basic, assembler, Perl®, any suitable version of 4GL, as well asothers.

As illustrated in FIG. 1, the content provider system 102 includes asecurity management module 114. While the security management module 114is illustrated apart from the business application 111, in someinstances, the security management module 114 may be embedded within orincluded as part of the business application 111. In general, thesecurity management module 114 manages and enforces protectionsassociated with electronic documents 126 and as defined by the securitymetadata 129. The security management module 114 includes a passwordmanagement module 117 and a password evaluation module 120. The passwordmanagement module 117 performs operations associated with ensuring thatprotected portions of the electronic documents 126 are not presented tousers without the appropriate password being received. Additionally, thepassword management module 117 can manage the application of newpasswords to particular sections or portions of the electronic documents126, including the identification of a particular section, the receiptof the password and related credentials used to protect the data,encryption of the data included in the identified section, and thewriting and/or updating of the security metadata 129. When passwords arecreated, the password management module 117 may define a particularunique equation for generating encrypted keys, where the equation isstored along with or separate from the security metadata 129. Thepassword evaluation module 120 can, after receiving a particularpassword from a user requesting access, perform the operationsassociated with determining what, if any, of the protected sections thepassword can open. The password evaluation module 120 identifies thecorresponding unique encryption equation, uses the received password,and can identify which of the protected sections of the electronicdocument 126 can be decrypted and presented.

As illustrated, content provider system 102 includes memory 123, ormultiple memories 123. The memory 123 may include any memory or databasemodule and may take the form of volatile or non-volatile memoryincluding, without limitation, magnetic media, optical media, randomaccess memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), removable media, or anyother suitable local or remote memory component, including one or morein-memory databases. The memory 123 may store various objects or data,including financial and/or business data, user information, behavior andaccess rules, administrative settings, password information, caches,applications, backup data, repositories storing business and/or dynamicinformation, and any other appropriate information including anyparameters, variables, algorithms, instructions, rules, constraints, orreferences thereto associated with the purposes of the businessapplication 111 and/or content provider system 102. Additionally, thememory 123 may store any other appropriate data, such as VPNapplications, firmware logs and policies, firewall policies, a securityor access log, print or other reporting files, as well as others. Forexample, illustrated memory 123 includes the plurality of electronicdocuments 126.

The illustrated environment 100 includes one or more clients 150.Client(s) 150 may be any computing device operable to connect to orcommunicate with content provider system 102, other clients (notillustrated), or other components via network 140, as well as with thenetwork 140 itself, using a wireline or wireless connection, and caninclude a desktop computer, a mobile device, a tablet, a server, or anyother suitable computer device. In general, client 150 comprises anelectronic computer device operable to receive, transmit, process, andstore any appropriate data associated with the environment 100 of FIG.1.

As illustrated, client 150 includes an interface 153, a processor 156, agraphical user interface (GUI) 159, a client application 162, and memory165. Interface 153 and processor 156 may be similar to or different thanthe interface 105 and processor 108 described with regard to contentprovider system 102. In general, processor 156 executes instructions andmanipulates data to perform the operations of the client 150.Specifically, the processor 156 can execute some or all of thealgorithms and operations described in the illustrated figures,including the operations performing the functionality associated withthe client application 162 and the other components of client 150.Similarly, interface 153 provides the client 150 with the ability tocommunicate with other systems in a distributed environment—includingwithin the environment 100—connected to the network 140.

Client 150 executes a client application 162. The client application 162may operate with or without requests to the content provider system102—in other words, the client application 162 may execute itsfunctionality without requiring the content provider system 102 in someinstances, such as by accessing particular electronic documents 126stored locally on the client 150 (not shown). In others, the clientapplication 162 may be operable to interact with the content providersystem 102 by sending requests via network 140 to the content providersystem 102 for particular electronic documents 126. In someimplementations, the client application 162 may be a standalone webbrowser, a native iOS or Android application, as well as others. In someinstances, the client application 162 may be an application thatrequests for presentation of content in electronic documents 126 fromthe content provider system 102 for presentation and/or execution onclient 150. In some instances, client application 162 may be an agent orclient-side version of the business application 111.

Memory 165 may be similar to or different from memory 123 of the contentprovider system 102. In general, memory 165 can store protectedelectronic documents, user authentication credentials 168, and apassword store 171. The user authorization credentials 168 can beprovided to the content provider system 102 to generally authorize andauthenticate the user and/or client 150 when sending requests to thecontent provider system 102.

The illustrated client 150 is intended to encompass any computing devicesuch as a desktop computer, laptop/notebook computer, mobile device,smartphone, personal data assistant (PDA), tablet computing device, oneor more processors within these devices, or any other suitableprocessing device. For example, the client 150 may comprise a computerthat includes an input device, such as a keypad, touch screen, or otherdevice that can accept user information, and an output device thatconveys information associated with the operation of the clientapplication 162 or the client 150 itself, including digital data, visualinformation, or a GUI 159, as shown with respect to the client 150.Example GUIs 159 are presented below.

While portions of the software elements illustrated in FIG. 1 are shownas individual modules that implement the various features andfunctionality through various objects, methods, or other processes, thesoftware may instead include a number of sub-modules, third-partyservices, components, libraries, and such, as appropriate. Conversely,the features and functionality of various components can be combinedinto single components as appropriate.

FIGS. 2A-B are illustrations of access tables and metadata descriptionsof electronic document security in a first parallel password scenario.The illustration of FIGS. 2A-B relate to the first use case scenariowherein an electronic document is globally accessible, but certainsections are sensitive. FIG. 2A presents a generic structure of thedocument.

In the illustrated solution, a user or process interacting with theelectronic document can define a named password (np1) having passwordP1. In some instances, the user or process can define the password priorto sharing the electronic document, or later passwords can be addedafter initial sharing. In the example structure of FIG. 2A, sections Band D of the document were selected such that only those portions of theelectronic document are deemed sensitive and are encrypted based on thatpassword P1. Based on this, the defined password P1 can be distributedto individuals in a defined group (e.g., G1) through an external means(e.g., email, messaging, verbally, etc.), as the password is not storedin the document. Internally, P1 is used as a password that is suppliedto a key derivation mechanism (for example, Password-Based KeyDerivation Function 2 (PBKDF2)) to generate a key K1 that will be usedfor encryption of content in sections B and D.

In one example solution, a key derivation mechanism may include acryptographic salt to ensure randomness of the keys derived from thesame password. Using a salt can prevent rainbow-table and other attacks.A cryptographic salt is random data that is used as an additional inputto hash a password or passphrase. For each password, a new salt can berandomly generated. Additionally, the key derivation mechanism maydefine a number of iterations to execute in order to lower or eliminatethe likelihood of password cracking Both the salt and number ofiterations may be non-sensitive information and, in someimplementations, can be stored in plain text in the security metadataassociated with the electronic document.

Generated key K1 is used to encrypt the data in section B—the output ofthe key derivation mechanism can be referred to as E_(K1)(B). The outputof the encryption is stored in the document instead of storing theoriginal section B. Similarly, as the same restricted group G1 is to beprovided access to the section D, the same key K1 is used to encrypt thedata in section D, thereby generating output of E_(K1)(D). Again, thisoutput is stored in the protected electronic document instead of storingoriginal section D. As the other portions of the electronic document arenot sensitive, those parts need not be encrypted.

As described in reference to FIG. 1, the electronic document can beassociated with a set of security metadata. The example metadata storedin the present use case is illustrated in FIG. 2B and indicates thatthere is a single named password np1. The security metadata can alsostore the details of the corresponding sections that are protected usingthe password for np1. Encryption details, such as the cryptographic saltand the number of iterations, can also be stored in the securitymetadata. To prevent unauthorized access to the data, neither thepassword P1 nor its derived key K1 are stored in the electronic documentor the associated security metadata.

As illustrated in FIG. 2B, the phrase SD provides a description of whichsection is encrypted, while the phrase ED provides non-confidentialdetails of the encryption parameters applied to encrypt the section(e.g., cryptographic salt, number of iterations, etc.). As illustrated,the security metadata indicates that sections A, C, and E are notencrypted, while sections B and D are encrypted using generated key K1.

For electronic documents where one or more passwords have been applied,upon reopening users may be prompted for a password corresponding to atleast one protected section of the document. If the correct password(e.g., np1) is not supplied, only the publicly accessible data, if any,is displayed. Other sections may be shown, for example, as “Protected”or “Not Accessible.” In alternative implementations, indications ofprotected or not accessible sections may be indicated in other visual,auditory, or other means. For example, a warning icon can be shown orthe area may be blurred or otherwise obfuscated. In some instances,information providing a general description of the protected data may beprovided, which can allow interested users to seek out and obtain thepassword for viewing the protected sections.

If a password is supplied in response to the prompt, the applicationattempts to regenerate the key using the supplied password. The keygeneration mechanism uses the supplied password as its input to output agenerated key. The application then uses this key to attempt to decryptthe information. If the password supplied was incorrect, the generatedkey would be different from the key that was used to encrypt the contentand the decryption will fail. If the supplied password is correct, andtherefore the output of the key generation mechanism generates thecorrect key from the input, the decryption would be successful and anycontent associated with the generated key can be presented.

FIGS. 3A-D are illustrative screenshots 300 illustrating the addition ofparallel password protection onto an example electronic document in thefirst parallel password scenario. FIG. 3A, in fact, shows an electronicdocument (in this example, a business intelligence report) before theelectronic document is to be shared with others. FIG. 3B illustrates theresult of a user selection a particular section of the electronicdocument (in this example, via a touch- and/or gesture-based indication)to be protected. In the illustrated example, the entire document isinitially publically available. After applying the password to theselected section, only that selected section will be protected.

After selecting the top table 310 and as shown in FIG. 3C, a pop-up box320 or other suitable indicator providing the option to protect theselected section with a password is provided. After the user selects box320, a new pop-up box 330 or other suitable entry prompt is presented,providing the user with the option to enter a particular password name(e.g. np1) and corresponding password value. Once the value is enteredand the password is submitted, the application generates a key (e.g.,K1) from the password using a suitable key generation mechanism andencrypts the section using the generated key. Corresponding entries inthe security metadata associated with the electronic document can beupdated.

FIG. 3D illustrates the screens 300 and 350 presented to user inresponse to a later attempt to access the electronic document in whichthe password was applied in FIG. 3C. When the document is initiallyopened, a pop-up box 350 may be presented. In some instances, the pop-upbox 350 may be presented on, next to, or in place of the electronicdocument 300. The pop-up box 350 prompts the user to enter a password toprovide access to any protected sections of the document. If thepassword is correct, the screen 300 of FIG. 3A is presented to the user.If the password is incorrect, the screen of FIG. 3D is presented, wherethe protected section 360 includes a visual blocking of the protectedcontent within that section 360. In some instances, users may acquireand/or enter the password after they have been presented a screen 300similar to that of FIG. 3D. The user may click on, activate, orotherwise indicate an intention to view the protected section 360. Inthose instances, the pop-up box 350 may be presented, and the user caninput the password to attempt accessing the protected section 360. Uponentering the correct password, the screen 300 of FIG. 3A may bepresented allowing viewing of the protected section. If, however, anincorrect password is entered, the user may remain at screen 300 of FIG.3D.

In a second alternative use case, the electronic document as a whole maybe password-protected for initial accessing. In addition to the entiredocument being password-protected, specific sections of the document maybe more sensitive, such that section-specific password(s) as describedabove may be required to access those specific sections.

In a third use case, an electronic document may have multiple sensitivesections, where at least two of the sections are protected usingdifferent passwords and corresponding encryption. FIG. 4A illustrates atable indicating that among the various sections of the electronicdocument, sections B and F are meant to be available to group G1, whilesection D is meant to be available to group G2. Since the document hassections which need to be protected for different groups (G1 and G2),the user or process sharing this document can define two named passwords(e.g., np1 and np2) having passwords P1 and P2, respectively. Thepassword P1 can be distributed or otherwise made available toindividuals in group G1, while the password P2 can be distributed orotherwise made available to individuals in group G2. Again, thepasswords and/or the keys derived from these passwords are never storedas a part of the document to retain document security.

The password P1 is used as a passphrase that is supplied to a keyderivation mechanism to generate a cryptographic key K1. Similarly, P2is used to derive cryptographic key K2. The key K1 is used to encryptthe data in section B and F, with the output of the encryption beingE_(K1)(B) and E_(K1)(F). Similarly, the key K2 is used to encrypt thedata in section D, the output represented as E_(K2)(D). The data forprotected sections B, D, F are replaced by E_(K1)(B), E_(K2)(D), andE_(K1)(F), respectively.

Similar to above, the security metadata associated with the electronicdocument stores information that identifies the fact that there are twonamed passwords (np1 and np2), as well as the details of the sectionsthat are protected using the passwords for these named passwords.Additionally, the security metadata can also store any encryptiondetails (e.g., cryptographic salt or number of iterations). The finalstructure of an example security metadata for an electronic document isillustrated in FIG. 4B using the notations described with regard to FIG.2B.

When the document is reopened by a user, the user is prompted for one orboth of passwords for np1 and np2. If either or both of the passwordsare not supplied, then the relevant encrypted sections remain protectedand are suitably indicated as “Protected” or “Not Accessible.” If one ofthe passwords is provided and is correct, only the protected sectionsencrypted by a key generated based on that correct password is madevisible while the other protected sections are not.

FIGS. 5A-C are illustrative screenshots illustrating the addition of analternative parallel password scheme onto an example document.Specifically, the electronic document 500 in FIGS. 5A-C includes foursections, each section to be associated with a different password. Inone example, the top-left quadrant 510 of the document 500 can beprotected with a first password, the top-right quadrant 515 can beprotected with a second password, the bottom-left quadrant 520 can beprotected with a third password, and the bottom-right quadrant 525 canbe protected with a fourth password. In this example, the data may beindependent of each other such that different groups have a need to seedata relevant to them. Therefore, four parallel named passwords aredefined. In one example, quadrant 510 may have a password named “South,”quadrant 515 may have a password named “West,” quadrant 520 may have apassword named “East,” quadrant 525 may have a password named “North.”

When the document is opened by a user, a prompt 550/555 identifying thenamed passwords and providing a location to enter the correspondingpassword is presented, as illustrated in FIG. 5B. Prompt 550 provides alisting of each named password and a corresponding entry location, whileprompt 555 provides a dropdown box for selecting a particular namedpassword prior to entering the corresponding password.

FIG. 5C illustrates an example electronic document 500 after a singleone of the four passwords was entered into the appropriate prompt.Specifically, the password corresponding to the top-left quadrant 510was entered correctly, and passwords for the remaining quadrants 515,520, 525 were either not entered or entered incorrectly.

In a fourth use case, a solution for hierarchical passwords is provided.Restated, an electronic document may have hierarchical sensitivitylevels. While some users may have passwords associated with a singlesection, other users may have passwords that can be used to open ahierarchical layer of the electronic document, which can then becascaded through the decryption process to allow an additional one ormore sections to be decrypted using the single hierarchical password.All portions of an electronic document may need to be exposed to somepeople (e.g., national managers, C-level employees, etc.), while onlylimited details may need to be exposed to others (e.g., regionalsalesman or manager).

In cases where an electronic document has sections that need to be seenby a hierarchy of people (e.g., a country head, a region head, a cityhead, etc.), each set of users may only need to see data correspondingto their job description. For example, the region head should be able tosee data for the entire region and each city within, but not for theentire country, while a country head may need to see information on eachregion and then each city within each region.

In other cases, different persons may have different levels ofclearance. When sections of the document can be categorized withdifferent sensitivity levels (e.g., highly confidential, mediumconfidentiality, and low confidentiality, etc.), users with access tohighly confidential sections may also be authorized to see all items oflower confidentiality, preferably based solely on their highlyconfidential password.

Using the other use cases above, this situation can be handled in oneinstance creating sections based on particular groups of people who needto see these sections, where those needing to see a hierarchy ofsections (e.g., high, medium, and low confidentiality) may be providedor given access to multiple passwords. This approach, however, may beclumsy to users higher in the hierarchical chain due to the need toremember each of the multiple passwords.

In the present solution, a concept of “hierarchical” passwords has beendeveloped, where a person relatively higher in a hierarchy can viewcontent that is lower in the hierarchy by entering only one password. Inthose cases, users in a relatively lower hierarchical level (from thedata's perspective) cannot see the information privy to people at higherhierarchical level, while those higher in the hierarchy can use theirsingle password to decrypt information at each of the relatively lowerhierarchical levels.

FIGS. 6A-C illustrate various aspects of this hierarchical passwordscheme. FIG. 6A illustrates a table indicating that among the varioussections of the electronic document, a hierarchical password scheme canbe used. Specifically, people in groups G3 or G4 can only see sections For H, respectively. However, the people in group G2 can see content insections D, F, and H, but not content in section B. The persons in groupG1 can see the content of sections B, D, F, and H. FIG. 6B illustrates atree structure 605 and a Venn diagram 610 showing one examples of theallowed access. Users in group G1 can see each of the children andgrandchildren within the tree, while users in group G2 can see anythingwithin their children, but not information available specifically totheir parent group G1.

As in previous example, four named passwords (np1, np2, np3, and np4)are created, with their associated passwords (P1, P2, P3, and P4) beingdistributed to groups G1, G2, G3, and G4 in a suitable manner. FIG. 6Cprovides an illustration of an example set of security metadataassociated with the example hierarchical password scheme. Similar to theprior examples, cryptographic keys are generated using a suitable keygeneration mechanism. Each section is encrypted using the key for thenarrowest group that has access to that particular section. In theillustrated example, section B is encrypted using K1, section D isencrypted using K2, section F is encrypted using K3, and section H isencrypted using K4.

After performing the encryption, the encrypted keys of sections inrelatively lower levels within the hierarchy are stored in the securitymetadata such that those keys can be decrypted using the keycorresponding to the item immediately above it in the hierarchy. In theillustrated example, the keys K3 and K4 are encrypted usingcryptographic key K2, and the encrypted values E_(K2)(K3) and E_(K2)(K3)are stored within the security metadata. Similarly, K2 is encryptedusing the cryptographic key K1, where the encrypted value E_(K1)(K2) isstored within the security metadata. In such examples, none of the keysKi are stored non-encrypted within the electronic document or associatedsecurity metadata. FIG. 6C provides an illustration of the examplesecurity metadata associated with the hierarchy described above. Inaddition to the standard description of the named passwords, thesecurity metadata includes a set of hierarchy information.

When a user opens the document after the passwords are applied, the useris prompted for the password that he has been provided. In someinstances, each of the named passwords may be presented in a pop-up tothe user, allowing the user to enter to password corresponding to theirlevel of access. In other instances, a single password entry may beavailable, where the password received is used to generate a key that isthen used to attempt to decrypt the encrypted sections. The followingillustration illustrates, with reference to the example described above,how particular passwords are handled when entered.

When P3 for Since P3 is correctly entered, the corresponding key np3 isentered: K3 is generated programmatically. Using this key, onlyE_(K3)(F) can be decrypted, and therefore only section F is revealed.When P4 for Since P4 is correctly entered, the corresponding key np4 isentered: K4 is generated programmatically. Using this key, onlyE_(K4)(H) can be decrypted, and therefore only section H is revealed.When P2 for Since P2 is correctly entered, the corresponding np2 isentered: cryptographic key K2 is generated programmatically. Using K2,E_(K2)(K3) in metadata can be decrypted to get K3. Similarly, using K2,E_(K2)(K4) can be decrypted to get K4. Using K3 and K4, the dataE_(K3)(F) and E_(K4)(H) can be decrypted thus revealing sections F and H(apart from D that was already revealed). Note that K1 cannot be derivedfrom this information, thus section B is not revealed. When P1 for SinceP1 is correct, K1 can be programmatically np1 is entered: determined.This allows the decryption of E_(K1)(B) and reveals the data for sectionB. Further, since K1 is known, E_(K1)(K2) can be decrypted to reveal K2.As above, knowledge of K2 allows us to reveal sections D, F, and H. Ifno password Because none of the keys can be derived, the protected isentered, or portions of the document remain secure. the password isincorrect.

FIG. 7 is a flowchart of example operations 700 performed to provideaccess to portions of an example electronic document having parallel orhierarchical password protection. For clarity of presentation, thedescription that follows generally describes method 700 in the contextof the system 100 illustrated in FIG. 1. However, it will be understoodthat method 700 may be performed, for example, by any other suitablesystem, environment, software, and hardware, or a combination ofsystems, environments, software, and hardware as appropriate.

At 705, a request to open a file (e.g., an electronic document) isidentified. In response to the request (and a determination that atleast a portion of the requested file is encrypted), the user isprompted for at least one password associated with the protectedportions or sections of the file at 710. In some instances, the file maybe associated with multiple passwords, such as in a parallel orhierarchical password scheme as described herein. Various user interfaceprompts may be used. In some instances, the prompt may include a listingof multiple possible named passwords to enter, while in others, a singleentry may be available.

At 715, a determination is made as to whether a password is receivedfrom the user. If not, method 700 continue to 720, where non-protected(e.g., publically available information) content is presented, while anyprotected content is obscured. The content associated with the protectedsections may be presented as blurred content, hidden content, contenthidden by an indication of the content's protection, and other suitableformats. In some instances, the protected content may be obscured by orin association with an actionable button or tappable/interactive area toinitiate the password submission process. From 720, method 700 continuesat 765, where a determination is made as to whether a request to viewobscured protected content is received. Operation 765 is describedbelow.

Returning to 715, if a password is received from the user, method 700continues at 725. At 725, a key is generated based on the receivedpassword. The password provided may be entered specific to a namedpassword, wherein the key is generated according to the key derivationmechanism associated with that specific named password. In otherinstances, the password may be provided without identifying a specificnamed password, with the generated key being tested against each of theencrypted portions of the file. The key derivation mechanism can bedefined in a set of security metadata associated with the file. Thesecurity metadata can be embedded within the file or otherwiseassociated with the file.

At 730, a determination is made as to whether the generated key decryptsat least one protected portion or section of the file. Where the enteredpassword is entered specifically for a particular named password, thegenerated key may be initially tested only against the encrypted sectionassociated with the named password. If the generated key does notdecrypt any portions of the file, method 700 continues to 720. If,however, the generated key does decrypt at least a portion of the file,method 700 continues at 740, where the protected portions associatedwith the generated key are decrypted. It should be noted that in someparallel password instances, multiple passwords may be provided by theuser. In those instances, parallel analysis of the passwords and thegenerated key may be performed concurrently and/or sequentially, withthe various portions or sections of the file being decrypted together.

At 745, a determination is made as to whether the generated key isassociated with a further hierarchical password chain. As described inreference to FIGS. 6A-D, hierarchical password chains include passwordsfor users higher in a password hierarchy that can then be used tocascade through one or more lower hierarchical levels of passwords. Theset of security metadata associated with the file may includeinformation on the hierarchy of the passwords. In those instances,encrypted keys within the hierarchy may be available such that thosefurther encrypted keys can be decrypted and then used to obtain furtherkeys at lower levels in the hierarchy. If the generated key isassociated with a hierarchical password chain, method 700 continues at750, wherein for each direct descendant of the current password or keywithin the hierarchy, the encrypted key is then decrypted to identifythe key associated with next named password. Method 700 continues at740, wherein the newly decrypted keys are used to decrypt additionalprotected portions of the file. Returning to 745, if the generated keyis not associated with a hierarchical password chain, then method 700continues at 760.

At 760, the non-protected content and the protected content nowdecrypted by the one or more generated keys are presented, while thenon-decrypted protected content is obscured within the presentation. At765, a determination is made as to whether a request is received to viewany of the obscured protected content. In some instances, obscuredsections and content may be selected by the user after the initialpassword entry request. In those instances, interacting with theobscured content, such as by clicking on or otherwise activating thecontent, may cause a similar password prompt as at that presented at710, or may provide a modified prompt for any non-provided passwords. Ifsuch a request is received, method 700 returns to 710, where the newprompt is provided. In such instances, previously decrypted content andportions of the file may be considered non-protected during the secondand further loops throughout the operations of method 700, therebyavoiding the need to re-enter previously entered and approved passwords.If, however, no request is received at 765, method 700 waits for such arequest or movement away from the protected document.

FIG. 8 is a flowchart of example operations 800 performed to addparallel or hierarchical password protection to an example electronicdocument. For clarity of presentation, the description that followsgenerally describes method 800 in the context of the system 100illustrated in FIG. 1. However, it will be understood that method 800may be performed, for example, by any other suitable system,environment, software, and hardware, or a combination of systems,environments, software, and hardware as appropriate.

At 805, a selection of a portion of an open file is received. The openfile may be an electronic document, such as a business intelligencereport. The selection itself may be received via touch input, mouseinput, verbal instructions, or any other suitable mechanism. The portionselected may be a single cell or multiple cells of data, a single row ormultiple rows of data, a single column or multiple columns of data, asingle table containing data or multiple tables, a single chart, a word,a letter, a phrase, a sentence, a paragraph, a page, or any othersuitable portion of the file. In some instances, drawing or other toolsmay be used to define a section or portion other than based ontraditional separations of content provided in electronic documents,such that a specific or relative area within the electronic document isselected.

At 810, an indication to apply a password to the selected portion can bereceived. The indication may be received via a touch- or gesture-basedinput, a mouse-click, a keyboard entry, or any other suitable means.

In response to receiving the indication at 810, a prompt is provided at815 for the user to enter password credentials to be assigned to theselected portion. In some instances, this includes provided a passwordname and a password value. At 820, a hierarchical password definitionmay be received where the password being provided by the user isassociated with a hierarchical password scheme. In such instances, theuser may be able to provide a definition of the level within thehierarchy at which the current password is to exist.

At 825, the selected portion of the file is associated with the enteredpassword to be used in future openings of the file. This may includegenerating a cryptographic key using the password as input. Thecryptographic key can then be used to encrypt the selected portion.Information identifying the sections or portions that are encrypted, aswell as the key generation mechanism and parameters used to create keysfrom the received passwords, can be stored within a set of securitymetadata associated with the file.

While not shown in FIG. 8, multiple passwords can be added to variousportions of the file. After the operations of 825 are complete, forinstance, a new selection of a portion or section of the file may bereceived, returning method 800 to 805. Where multiple passwords arereceived and are meant to generate a hierarchical password chain, somepasswords can be encrypted by the higher level keys associated with thechain. The listing of the hierarchy can then be included within the setof security metadata to enable hierarchical passwords when the documentis opened again. Alternatively, where the additional passwords exist ina parallel password scheme, no relationship between the passwords needsto be defined.

The preceding figures and accompanying description illustrate examplesystems, processes, and computer-implementable techniques. While theillustrated systems and processes contemplate using, implementing, orexecuting any suitable technique for performing these and other tasks,it will be understood that these systems and processes are forillustration purposes only and that the described or similar techniquesmay be performed at any appropriate time, including concurrently,individually, or in combination, or performed by alternative componentsor systems. In addition, many of the operations in these processes maytake place simultaneously, concurrently, and/or in different orders thanas shown. Moreover, the illustrated systems may use processes withadditional operations, fewer operations, and/or different operations, solong as the methods remain appropriate.

In other words, although this disclosure has been described in terms ofcertain embodiments and generally associated methods, alterations andpermutations of these embodiments and methods will be apparent to thoseskilled in the art. Accordingly, the above description of exampleembodiments does not define or constrain this disclosure. Other changes,substitutions, and alterations are also possible without departing fromthe spirit and scope of this disclosure.

What is claimed is:
 1. A computerized method performed by one or moreprocessors, the method comprising: receiving a request to provide accessto an electronic file to a user, the electronic file having a pluralityof sections, wherein at least one section is encrypted using a firstcryptographic key, the first cryptographic key generated based on afirst password using a first key generation mechanism; generating asecond cryptographic key in response to receiving a second password froma user requesting access to the electronic file, wherein the secondcryptographic key is generated based on the second password using thefirst key generation mechanism; comparing the second cryptographic keyto the first cryptographic key to determine whether the secondcryptographic key is identical to the first cryptographic key; inresponse to determining the second cryptographic key is identical to thefirst cryptographic key, decrypting the at least one section of theelectronic file encrypted using the first cryptographic key with thesecond cryptographic key; and presenting the electronic file at a userinterface, the presented electronic file making visible the at least onesection previously encrypted using the first cryptographic key.
 2. Themethod of claim 1, further comprising: in response to determining thesecond cryptographic key is not identical to the first cryptographickey, presenting the electronic file at a user interface, the presentedelectronic file obscuring the at least one section encrypted using thefirst cryptographic key.
 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising:receiving a request to provide access to the at least one obscuredsection encrypted using the first cryptographic key; generating a thirdcryptographic key in response to receiving a third password from a userrequesting access to the electronic file, wherein the thirdcryptographic key is generated based on the third password using thefirst key generation mechanism; comparing the third cryptographic key tothe first cryptographic key to determine whether the third cryptographickey is identical to the first cryptographic key; in response todetermining the third cryptographic key is identical to the firstcryptographic key, decrypting the at least one section of the electronicfile encrypted using the first cryptographic key with the thirdcryptographic key; and presenting the electronic file at a userinterface, the presented electronic file making visible the at least onepreviously obscured section.
 4. The method of claim 1, wherein theelectronic file includes a set of security metadata, the set of securitymetadata including a set of section definitions and a description of theencryption applied to one or more sections.
 5. The method of claim 4,wherein the set of security metadata is embedded within the electronicfile.
 6. The method of claim 1, wherein a first section of theelectronic file is encrypted using a first cryptographic key generatedbased on the first password, and wherein a second section of theelectronic file is encrypted based on a third cryptographic keygenerated based on a third password different than the first password.7. A computerized method performed by one or more processors, the methodcomprising: receiving a request to provide access to an electronic fileto a user, the electronic file having a plurality of sections, whereinat least two of the sections of the electronic document are encryptedusing at least two different hierarchical cryptographic keys, wherein arelatively higher level section is encrypted using a first hierarchicalcryptographic key, and wherein a relatively lower level section isencrypted using a second hierarchical cryptographic key different thanthe first hierarchical cryptographic key, and wherein the secondhierarchical cryptographic key is encrypted by the first hierarchicalcryptographic key, wherein the first hierarchical cryptographic key isgenerated based on a first password using a first key generationmechanism, and wherein the second hierarchical cryptographic key isgenerated based on a second password using the first key generationmechanism; generating a third hierarchical cryptographic key in responseto receiving a third password from a user requesting access to theelectronic file, wherein the third hierarchical cryptographic key isgenerated based on the third password using the first key generationmechanism; comparing the third hierarchical cryptographic key to thefirst hierarchical cryptographic key and the second hierarchicalcryptographic key to determine whether the third hierarchicalcryptographic key is identical to the first hierarchical cryptographickey or the second hierarchical cryptographic key; in response todetermining the third hierarchical cryptographic key is identical to thefirst hierarchical cryptographic key, decrypting the relatively higherlevel section encrypted using the first hierarchical cryptographic keywith the third hierarchical cryptographic key; in response todetermining that the second hierarchical cryptographic key is encryptedusing the first hierarchical cryptographic key, decrypting the secondhierarchical cryptographic key using the third hierarchicalcryptographic key; decrypting the relatively lower level sectionencrypted using the second cryptographic key with the decrypted secondhierarchical cryptographic key; and in response to decrypting therelatively lower level section, presenting the electronic file at a userinterface, the presented electronic file making visible the relativelyhigher level section and the relatively lower level section.
 8. Themethod of claim 7, further comprising: in response to determining thethird hierarchical cryptographic key is identical to the secondhierarchical cryptographic key, decrypting the relatively lower levelsection encrypted using the second hierarchical cryptographic key withthe third hierarchical cryptographic key; and presenting the electronicfile at a user interface, the presented electronic file making visiblethe relatively lower level section and obscuring the relatively higherlevel section.
 9. The method of claim 7, wherein the electronic fileincludes a set of security metadata, the set of security metadataincluding a set of section definitions and a description of theencryption applied to one or more sections.
 10. The method of claim 9,wherein the set of security metadata is embedded within the electronicfile.
 11. A non-transitory, computer-readable medium storingcomputer-readable instructions, the instructions executable by at leastone processor and operable when executed to: receive a request toprovide access to an electronic file to a user, the electronic filehaving a plurality of sections, wherein at least one section isencrypted using a first cryptographic key, the first cryptographic keygenerated based on a first password using a first key generationmechanism; generate a second cryptographic key in response to receivinga second password from a user requesting access to the electronic file,wherein the second cryptographic key is generated based on the secondpassword using the first key generation mechanism; compare the secondcryptographic key to the first cryptographic key to determine whetherthe second cryptographic key is identical to the first cryptographickey; in response to determining the second cryptographic key isidentical to the first cryptographic key, decrypt the at least onesection of the electronic file encrypted using the first cryptographickey with the second cryptographic key; and present the electronic fileat a user interface, the presented electronic file making visible the atleast one section previously encrypted using the first cryptographickey.
 12. The medium of claim 11, the instructions further operable whenexecuted to: in response to determining the second cryptographic key isnot identical to the first cryptographic key, present the electronicfile at a user interface, the presented electronic file obscuring the atleast one section encrypted using the first cryptographic key.
 13. Themedium of claim 12, the instructions further operable when executed to:receive a request to provide access to the at least one obscured sectionencrypted using the first cryptographic key; generate a thirdcryptographic key in response to receiving a third password from a userrequesting access to the electronic file, wherein the thirdcryptographic key is generated based on the third password using thefirst key generation mechanism; compare the third cryptographic key tothe first cryptographic key to determine whether the third cryptographickey is identical to the first cryptographic key; in response todetermining the third cryptographic key is identical to the firstcryptographic key, decrypt the at least one section of the electronicfile encrypted using the first cryptographic key with the thirdcryptographic key; and present the electronic file at a user interface,the presented electronic file making visible the at least one previouslyobscured section.
 14. The medium of claim 11, wherein the electronicfile includes a set of security metadata, the set of security metadataincluding a set of section definitions and a description of theencryption applied to one or more sections.
 15. The medium of claim 14,wherein the set of security metadata is embedded within the electronicfile.
 16. The medium of claim 11, wherein a first section of theelectronic file is encrypted using a first cryptographic key generatedbased on the first password, and wherein a second section of theelectronic file is encrypted based on a third cryptographic keygenerated based on a third password different than the first password.17. A non-transitory, computer-readable medium storing computer-readableinstructions, the instructions executable by at least one processor andoperable when executed to: receive a request to provide access to anelectronic file to a user, the electronic file having a plurality ofsections, wherein at least two of the sections of the electronicdocument are encrypted using at least two different hierarchicalcryptographic keys, wherein a relatively higher level section isencrypted using a first hierarchical cryptographic key, and wherein arelatively lower level section is encrypted using a second hierarchicalcryptographic key different than the first hierarchical cryptographickey, and wherein the second hierarchical cryptographic key is encryptedby the first hierarchical cryptographic key, wherein the firsthierarchical cryptographic key is generated based on a first passwordusing a first key generation mechanism, and wherein the secondhierarchical cryptographic key is generated based on a second passwordusing the first key generation mechanism; generate a third hierarchicalcryptographic key in response to receiving a third password from a userrequesting access to the electronic file, wherein the third hierarchicalcryptographic key is generated based on the third password using thefirst key generation mechanism; compare the third hierarchicalcryptographic key to the first hierarchical cryptographic key and thesecond hierarchical cryptographic key to determine whether the thirdhierarchical cryptographic key is identical to the first hierarchicalcryptographic key or the second hierarchical cryptographic key; inresponse to determining the third hierarchical cryptographic key isidentical to the first hierarchical cryptographic key, decrypt therelatively higher level section encrypted using the first hierarchicalcryptographic key with the third hierarchical cryptographic key; inresponse to determining that the second hierarchical cryptographic keyis encrypted using the first hierarchical cryptographic key, decrypt thesecond hierarchical cryptographic key using the third hierarchicalcryptographic key; decrypt the relatively lower level section encryptedusing the second cryptographic key with the decrypted secondhierarchical cryptographic key; and in response to decrypting therelatively lower level section, present the electronic file at a userinterface, the presented electronic file making visible the relativelyhigher level section and the relatively lower level section.
 18. Themedium of claim 17, the instructions further operable when executed to:in response to determining the third hierarchical cryptographic key isidentical to the second hierarchical cryptographic key, decrypt therelatively lower level section encrypted using the second hierarchicalcryptographic key with the third hierarchical cryptographic key; andpresenting the electronic file at a user interface, the presentedelectronic file making visible the relatively lower level section andobscuring the relatively higher level section.
 19. The medium of claim7, wherein the electronic file includes a set of security metadata, theset of security metadata including a set of section definitions and adescription of the encryption applied to one or more sections.
 20. Themedium of claim 19, wherein the set of security metadata is embeddedwithin the electronic file.